![]() However in some regions, a decline often occurred in other cultures following European efforts to convert aboriginal and indigenous people to Western religious and cultural practices that held tribal tattooing to be a " pagan" or "heathen" activity. John of Malta, sported tattoos to show their allegiance. Some Catholic military orders, such as the Knights of St. At the time, many Catholic knights and pilgrims made use of tattoos, especially at the completion of a pilgrimage to the Catholic shrines in the Holy Land. In the Catholic Church during the Crusades, it was ruled in the Council of Northumberland that religious tattoos were permissible, and even "praiseworthy". Others hold that the prohibition of Leviticus 19:28, regardless of its interpretation, is not binding upon Christians-just as prohibitions like "nor shall there come upon you a garment of cloth made of two kinds of stuff" (Leviticus 19:19) are not binding-because it is part of the Jewish ceremonial law, binding only upon the Jewish people (see New Covenant § Christian view). Another interpretation is that it refers only to the tattooing of ink with ashes of deceased family. Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians. Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section). Interpretations of the passage vary, however. The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28-"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you"-so as to prohibit tattoos. Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition. Man with a full back tattoo of Michael and the Dragon adapted from the bible engravings by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld Incorporation of images of the Buddha into tattoos that do not comply with traditional norms for respectful display have been a cause of controversy in a number of traditional Buddhist countries, where the display of images of this type by Westerners may be regarded as appropriation and has resulted in barred entry or deportation of individuals displaying tattoos of this type. ![]() Traditionally, tattoos that included images of the Buddha or other religious figures were only applied to certain parts of the body, and sometimes required commitment on the part of the recipient to observe the Five Precepts or other traditional customs. These tattoos are sometimes applied by Buddhist monks or practitioners of indigenous spiritual traditions. ![]() Southeast Asia has a tradition of protective tattoos known as sak yant or yantra tattoos that incorporate Buddhist symbols and images, as well as protective mantras or sutra verses in antique Khmer script. ![]() Buddhism has a varied perspective on tattooing, with a tradition of protective tattoos in Southeast Asia incorporating Buddhist symbols, but the display of tattoos not adhering to traditional norms can be a cause of controversy. Hinduism lacks a unified stance, with acceptance varying among sects and communities. Islam generally discourages tattoos as altering the natural state of the body, though there are differing opinions among scholars. Judaism traditionally prohibits tattooing as self-mutilation but modern interpretations have become more lenient. In Christianity, opinions range from discouragement based on the sanctity of the body as a temple, to acceptance. However, religious interpretations of tattooing vary widely, from acceptance and endorsement to strict prohibitions associating it with the desecration of the sacred body. Tattoos hold rich historical and cultural significance as permanent markings on the body, conveying personal, social, and spiritual meanings. Religious perspectives on tattooing encompass diverse attitudes within different religious traditions.
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